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Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Independence Day speeches have served as a crucial platform to articulate his government's policies, programs, and overarching ideology since assuming office in 2014. An examination of these addresses reveals a shifting emphasis over the years, mirroring the evolving political landscape and the Modi administration's strategic priorities. From his initial portrayal as an 'outsider' promising inclusive development to recent pronouncements on demographic change and the need for a secular civil code, Modi's I-Day speeches offer a valuable lens through which to understand the trajectory of his leadership and the BJP's agenda. The progression demonstrates a consolidation of power, a sharper ideological focus, and a willingness to address contentious issues head-on.
In his inaugural address in 2014, Modi presented himself as a 'Pradhan Sewak' (Prime Servant), consciously distancing himself from the Delhi elite. He adopted a conciliatory tone, acknowledging the contributions of previous Prime Ministers and governments, including those of his political opponents in the Congress party. He promised to govern through consensus, emphasizing inclusivity and cooperation. This initial approach reflected a desire to establish legitimacy and build bridges across the political spectrum after a decisive electoral victory. Modi focused on governance, highlighting the inefficiencies of the previous UPA regime and promising a more streamlined and effective administration. He emphasized that he was an outsider, unaware of the ways of New Delhi until recently, and thus felt he had a good perspective on how to handle things within the country, from a new lens.
Subsequent speeches saw Modi increasingly showcasing his government's achievements and outlining new initiatives. In 2015, he announced schemes like Start-Up India and Stand-Up India, focusing on economic development and job creation. He also highlighted his administration's success in resolving legacy issues, such as the implementation of One Rank, One Pension for the armed forces and the establishment of auction mechanisms for natural resources. This period was marked by a strong emphasis on 'Team India' and a narrative of progress and achievement, underscored by the claim of a corruption-free government. He often reiterated this point during his time in power.
By 2016, Modi shifted his focus to delivery, showcasing the government's track record in fulfilling its promises. He refrained from making new announcements, instead presenting a detailed account of the work done across various sectors. This signaled a shift from aspirational goals to demonstrable results, reflecting a growing confidence in his government's ability to deliver on its commitments. The 2017 speech set long-term goals for a 'Majestic India' by 2022, including providing pucca houses for the poor, doubling farmers' earnings, and creating opportunities for youth and women. He emphasized the eradication of corruption, nepotism, terrorism, communalism, and casteism, setting a broad vision for a transformed India. He stated he would handle everything to ensure a majestic india in a short amount of time.
In the lead-up to the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, Modi's 2018 speech focused on highlighting the gains made during his first term, particularly in areas such as toilet coverage, LPG coverage, and electrification. He presented himself as a stable and assured leader, reinforcing the electorate's decision to place their faith in him in 2014. The speech ended with a powerful message of transformation, emphasizing the breaking of shackles and the reshaping of the country's picture. The 2019 address, delivered after securing a resounding re-election victory, marked a significant shift towards a more assertive articulation of the BJP's ideological agenda. Modi highlighted the abrogation of Article 370 and the law banning instant triple talaq as key achievements, emphasizing the government's commitment to addressing long-standing issues. He framed these decisions as bold and decisive actions that previous governments had failed to undertake. This move also caused quite a stir, especially from the opposition.
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 prompted a focus on self-reliance ('Atmanirbhar Bharat'). Modi emphasized the need for India to reduce its dependence on imports and increase its domestic capabilities in manufacturing and innovation. He announced the launch of the National Digital Health Mission, reflecting a commitment to leveraging technology to improve healthcare access. In 2021, Modi introduced the concept of 'Amrit Kaal,' defining the next 25 years leading up to India's centenary of independence in 2047 as a period of transformative growth. He urged the nation to work towards achieving its goals with the motto of 'Sabka saath, sabka vikaas, sabka vishwas aur sabka prayaas' (Together with all, development for all, trust of all, and effort of all). He also emphasized the need to free the people from archaic laws and procedures. This message was very important in times of despair.
The 2022 speech outlined a five-point 'pran' (commitment) for 'Amrit Kaal,' including achieving developed nation status by 2047 and removing any trace of a colonial mindset. Modi also highlighted the challenges of corruption and dynasty politics. Avoiding specific social sector announcements, he focused on broader ideas for the future and urged people to embrace self-reliance. This speech marked a clear shift towards a long-term vision and a renewed emphasis on national identity. He wanted to have self reliance when it came to anything important in life.
In 2023, ahead of the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, Modi declared that India was 'unstoppable' and committed to taking decisions for the welfare and happiness of all. He highlighted the 'Triveni' of demography, democracy, and diversity as strengths that could build the country for the next 1,000 years. He positioned the 2024 elections as a battle against the evils of corruption, dynastic rule, and appeasement. This speech was significant for its emphasis on India's potential and its clear framing of the political stakes for the upcoming elections. Lastly, in 2024, in the first Independence Day speech of his third term, Modi addressed core ideological issues of the BJP and Sangh, calling for a “secular civil code” and advocating for simultaneous elections. While he dedicated a significant portion of his speech to highlighting his government's achievements over the past decade, these ideological and political points stood out, signalling a continued commitment to the BJP's core agenda, even with a reduced majority in the Lok Sabha. Modi also said he would be back next year, highlighting his confidence.
Source: 2014’s ‘outsider’ pitch to 2025’s ‘demography mission’: Modi’s past 11 I-Day speeches as PM