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The recent case of the “honour” killings in Pakistan’s Balochistan province, brought to light by a disturbing video circulating on social media, underscores the deeply entrenched issues of tribal patriarchy, systemic violence against women, and the often-complicit role of the state in perpetuating such atrocities. The arrest of a tribal chief along with 13 others in connection with the brutal murder of Bano Bibi and Ehsan Ullah, accused of having an affair, has triggered national and international outrage, yet it also serves as a stark reminder of the challenges in combating these practices in regions where tribal customs hold sway over the rule of law. The video, which depicts the callous execution of the couple, highlights the impunity with which such crimes are committed, and the fact that it took the virality of the footage to spur significant action from authorities speaks volumes about the existing systemic failures. The killings, carried out near Quetta, the capital of Balochistan, allegedly on the orders of tribal leader Sher Baz Satakzai, exemplify the arbitrary and often brutal application of tribal justice, where individuals are judged and sentenced without due process, often based on flimsy evidence and archaic notions of honor. The fact that the woman was seemingly given a theatrical final moment, walking a few steps before being shot, only underscores the barbaric nature of the act. The subsequent barrage of gunfire on their lifeless bodies further solidifies the intent to not only kill but to desecrate and humiliate the victims. The circumstances surrounding the killing, as revealed by police reports and news outlets, paint a grim picture of the social dynamics at play. The woman's brother allegedly carried out the killing on behalf of the family, motivated by the perceived dishonor brought upon them by the alleged affair. The tribal chief’s involvement highlights the authority and influence wielded by tribal leaders in the region, who often operate outside the purview of formal legal structures, imposing their own brand of justice, often with fatal consequences. This case is not an isolated incident, but rather a manifestation of a deeply ingrained culture of violence against women in Pakistan, particularly in regions like Balochistan where tribal customs and traditions are often prioritized over constitutional rights and protections. According to the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), hundreds of so-called “honour killings” are reported annually, with the vast majority targeting women. The Sustainable Social Development Organisation (SSDO) reports a similarly bleak picture, with only a small fraction of reported cases leading to convictions. This lack of accountability further emboldens perpetrators and perpetuates the cycle of violence. Activists and human rights organizations have long criticized the Pakistani state for its perceived complicity in allowing these practices to continue. They argue that the government's reliance on tribal intermediaries for governance, particularly in regions like Balochistan, inadvertently strengthens tribal power structures and shields them from accountability. This reliance, they contend, effectively allows tribal leaders to operate with impunity, enforcing their own laws and customs, often in direct violation of fundamental human rights. The state's failure to effectively address the root causes of honor killings, coupled with the lack of adequate legal protections for women, creates a climate of fear and vulnerability, particularly for women who dare to challenge traditional norms and expectations. The situation is further complicated by the socio-economic conditions in Balochistan, a resource-rich but underdeveloped region plagued by chronic conflict and instability. The lack of access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities exacerbates existing inequalities and vulnerabilities, making women particularly susceptible to violence and exploitation. The separatist insurgency in the region further contributes to the breakdown of law and order, creating a vacuum in which tribal groups and other non-state actors can operate with relative impunity. The case of Bano Bibi and Ehsan Ullah serves as a tragic illustration of the challenges in combating honor killings and other forms of violence against women in Pakistan. Addressing this issue requires a multi-faceted approach that tackles the root causes of violence, strengthens legal protections for women, and holds perpetrators accountable. This includes reforming legal frameworks to ensure that honor killings are treated as murder, regardless of the motivations of the perpetrators. It also requires strengthening the capacity of law enforcement and judicial institutions to investigate and prosecute these cases effectively. Furthermore, there is a need to challenge the underlying cultural norms and attitudes that condone or justify violence against women. This can be achieved through education, awareness-raising campaigns, and community-based initiatives that promote gender equality and respect for human rights. The role of tribal leaders in perpetuating these practices must also be addressed. While acknowledging the importance of tribal structures in maintaining social order in some regions, it is crucial to ensure that tribal leaders are held accountable for their actions and that their authority is not used to violate fundamental human rights. This can be achieved through dialogue, engagement, and the promotion of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms that are consistent with constitutional principles and international human rights standards. Finally, the Pakistani state must demonstrate a clear commitment to protecting the rights of women and holding perpetrators of violence accountable. This requires a comprehensive strategy that addresses the legal, social, economic, and political factors that contribute to violence against women. It also requires a shift in attitudes and a recognition that honor killings are not simply a cultural issue, but a violation of fundamental human rights that cannot be tolerated in a civilized society.
The viral video, while horrific, served as a catalyst, forcing authorities to take action and bringing international attention to the issue. However, relying on such chance occurrences is not a sustainable solution. Systemic change is necessary, including strengthening legal frameworks, improving law enforcement, and challenging the underlying cultural norms that perpetuate violence against women. The statements from government officials, such as Balochistan Chief Minister Sarfraz Bugti, condemning the killings and vowing to prosecute those responsible, are a step in the right direction. However, words must be followed by concrete actions. The government must ensure that the investigation is thorough and impartial, and that all those involved, including the tribal chief, are held accountable for their crimes. The case also highlights the urgent need for greater protection for women in Balochistan, who face a double bind of tribal patriarchy and state repression, as described by women's rights activist Sammi Deen Baloch. Women in the region are often denied basic rights and freedoms, and are vulnerable to violence and exploitation. The state must take concrete steps to empower women, promote their education, and provide them with access to healthcare and economic opportunities. This includes strengthening legal protections for women, providing support services for survivors of violence, and ensuring that women have equal access to justice. Furthermore, there is a need to address the root causes of conflict and instability in Balochistan, which contribute to the breakdown of law and order and create a climate in which violence can flourish. This requires addressing the grievances of marginalized communities, promoting economic development, and strengthening governance structures. The international community also has a role to play in supporting Pakistan's efforts to combat honor killings and other forms of violence against women. This includes providing financial and technical assistance to support legal reforms, law enforcement training, and awareness-raising campaigns. It also includes advocating for the rights of women in Pakistan and holding the government accountable for its obligations under international human rights law. The case of Bano Bibi and Ehsan Ullah is a reminder that the fight against honor killings is far from over. It requires a sustained and concerted effort from the government, civil society, and the international community to address the root causes of violence, strengthen legal protections, and challenge the underlying cultural norms that perpetuate these atrocities. Only then can we hope to create a society where women are safe, respected, and valued, and where honor killings are a thing of the past.
The narratives surrounding “honour” killings are complex and often interwoven with issues of poverty, lack of education, and deeply entrenched patriarchal structures. The accusation of an extramarital affair is frequently used as a pretext to justify violence against women, particularly when they deviate from societal expectations regarding marriage and relationships. The power dynamics within families and communities play a crucial role in these cases. Men, often brothers or fathers, feel compelled to act to restore the family’s “honour,” even if it means resorting to violence. This is often driven by a fear of social stigma and ostracism within their community. The concept of “honour” is often tied to female sexuality and chastity. Women are seen as the guardians of family honour, and any perceived transgression can bring shame upon the entire family. This creates a climate of fear and control, where women are constantly monitored and their freedoms are severely restricted. In many cases, women are forced into arranged marriages against their will, and those who attempt to choose their own partners are often met with violence. The lack of access to education and economic opportunities further exacerbates the vulnerability of women. Without education and financial independence, women are often dependent on men for their survival, making it difficult for them to escape abusive situations. Furthermore, the lack of awareness about their rights and legal protections makes them less likely to seek help or report abuse. The role of tribal leaders in these cases is particularly concerning. Tribal leaders often wield significant power and influence in their communities, and their decisions can have a profound impact on the lives of individuals. When tribal leaders condone or even order “honour” killings, it sends a message that such acts are acceptable and that perpetrators will not be held accountable. This creates a culture of impunity that allows violence to flourish. The Pakistani government must take a strong stand against “honour” killings and send a clear message that such acts will not be tolerated. This requires strengthening legal frameworks, improving law enforcement, and challenging the underlying cultural norms that perpetuate violence against women. It also requires working with tribal leaders to promote alternative dispute resolution mechanisms that are consistent with constitutional principles and international human rights standards. Education and awareness-raising campaigns are also essential to changing attitudes and challenging harmful stereotypes about women. These campaigns should target both men and women and should focus on promoting gender equality and respect for human rights. Finally, it is important to remember that behind every statistic and every headline, there are real people whose lives have been tragically cut short. We must honour their memory by continuing to fight for justice and equality and by working to create a world where all women are safe and respected. The fight against honor killings is not just a legal or political issue; it is a moral imperative that demands our attention and action.
The absence of effective legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms further compounds the problem. Even when laws exist, they are often poorly implemented, and perpetrators frequently escape punishment due to loopholes, corruption, or a lack of political will. The tribal system, while often romanticized, frequently operates outside the formal legal system, dispensing its own brand of justice that often prioritizes tribal customs over fundamental human rights. This parallel system of justice undermines the rule of law and creates a climate of impunity for those who commit violence against women. The complicity of the state, whether through active support or passive negligence, further emboldens perpetrators and perpetuates the cycle of violence. Activists and human rights organizations have long accused the Pakistani government of shielding feudal and tribal power structures that perpetuate such violence. This may be due to political expediency, as these power structures often wield significant influence in local communities and can be crucial for securing votes. However, this short-sighted approach undermines the long-term stability and development of the country. Addressing the issue of honour killings requires a holistic approach that tackles the root causes of violence, strengthens legal protections, and challenges the underlying cultural norms. This includes investing in education, promoting gender equality, and empowering women economically and politically. It also requires reforming the legal system to ensure that perpetrators are held accountable for their crimes, regardless of their social status or tribal affiliation. Furthermore, there is a need for greater dialogue and engagement with tribal leaders to promote alternative dispute resolution mechanisms that are consistent with constitutional principles and international human rights standards. This dialogue should focus on promoting respect for women's rights and challenging harmful cultural practices that perpetuate violence. The role of the international community is also crucial. Donor countries should condition their aid on progress in protecting women's rights and combating violence against women. They should also provide technical and financial assistance to support legal reforms, law enforcement training, and awareness-raising campaigns. The fight against honor killings is a long and arduous one, but it is a fight that must be won. The lives of countless women depend on it. By working together, the government, civil society, and the international community can create a society where all women are safe, respected, and valued, and where honor killings are a thing of the past.
Source: Tribal chief among 14 arrested after ‘honour’ killing video from Pakistan goes viral