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French President Emmanuel Macron, during his address at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on Wednesday, expressed strong support for India's inclusion in a reformed United Nations Security Council (UNSC) as a permanent member. This declaration further strengthens India's position in the ongoing debate on UNSC reform, a topic that has been on the agenda since 1979. The calls for reform have intensified in recent years, fueled by the growing global conflicts and the perceived lack of representation within the UNSC, particularly regarding the veto power of the five permanent members.
Macron's endorsement of India's bid is significant, given France's longstanding position as a permanent UNSC member. He also voiced support for Brazil, Germany, and Japan, as well as two countries from Africa, to become permanent members, demonstrating a commitment to a more representative global governance structure. The inclusion of African nations aligns with the broader push to recognize the growing influence and importance of the continent on the world stage.
The debate surrounding UNSC reform is complex and multifaceted. While several nations, including the United States, have expressed support for India's inclusion, China has consistently opposed the move. This highlights the geopolitical complexities and power dynamics that influence the reform process. India has been a vocal advocate for UNSC expansion and has actively engaged in the ongoing Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN) on the issue. The Quad, a strategic alliance consisting of the US, India, Japan, and Australia, has also called for urgent reforms to the UNSC, emphasizing the need for greater inclusivity and representation.
The question of UNSC reform is not just about increasing the number of members but also about reforming the existing structures. The veto power held by the permanent members has been criticized for hindering the Council's effectiveness and reflecting outdated geopolitical realities. The lack of action by the UNSC in resolving conflicts such as the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war has further fueled calls for reform and a more inclusive decision-making process. The future relevance of the UNSC and the effectiveness of the United Nations as a whole depend heavily on the implementation of meaningful reforms that address the concerns of a diverse and increasingly interconnected global community.